Journal: Fundamental Research

Article Title: Graphene in photonic sensing: From fundamentals to cutting-edge applications

doi: 10.1016/j.fmre.2025.08.003

Figure Lengend Snippet: The SPR mechanism for a d -shaped PCF sensor is depicted as follows: (a) The Brillouin zone of the graphene lattice structure , (b) The linear dispersion curve representing single-layer graphene’s band structure, and (c) A schematic of the graphene-gold layer's sensing process . Mode field distribution at 685 nm is shown for (d) x-polarized SPP mode, (e) x-polarized core mode, and (f) y-polarized core mode, (g) The dispersion relationship between the fundamental core-guided mode and the SPP mode is illustrated .

Article Snippet: Fig 1 dummy alt text Graphene’s extraordinary electrical and optical properties have positioned it as a groundbreaking material in photonics and sensor technology.

Techniques: Dispersion

Journal: Fundamental Research

Article Title: Graphene in photonic sensing: From fundamentals to cutting-edge applications

doi: 10.1016/j.fmre.2025.08.003

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Top-down view of a graphene-based optical waveguide sensor , (b) Measurement setup for the graphene-based optical waveguide tactile sensor, which is securely placed on a vacuumed sample stage. A photodetector measures the optical output power, and a microscope image shows a precise alignment of the prism-like structure with the waveguide core , (c) Output light intensity and applied pressure over time. As pressure increases, the optical output power decreases, reaching saturation at 40 kPa , (d) Change in relative optical power with pressure. Higher pressure reduces output power, with a larger change in the TE mode than the TM mode due to the graphene’s polarization-sensitive absorption .

Article Snippet: Fig 1 dummy alt text Graphene’s extraordinary electrical and optical properties have positioned it as a groundbreaking material in photonics and sensor technology.

Techniques: Microscopy